Explanatory Notes to Major Statistical Indicator

Regular Institutions of Higher Learning refer to educational establishments set up according to the government evaluation and approval procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary schools and providing higher education courses and training for senior professionals. They include full-time universities, colleges, high professional schools and short-term professional universities.

Professional and Technical Personnel refer to those professionals holding professional and technical titles or taking such positions, or being graduated from departments of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, and/or having been promoted in practice in different sectors of the national economy and working on research, teaching and production technique in the scientific and technological fields such as science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, etc. and the professionals doing administrative work related to science and technology in government agencies, enterprises and institutions.

Scientists and Engineers refer to persons who have completed university or higher education or obtained titles of senior and middle level professional positions.

Engineering Professionals refer to the persons who are engaged in engineering science and technology in different sectors of the national economy, including senior engineers, engineers, assistant engineers, technicians and technical personnel without professional titles.

Agriculture Professionals refer to the persons who are working on the science of agriculture in different sectors of the national economy, including senior agronomists, agronomists, assistant agronomists, technicians and technical personnel without professional titles.

Public Health Professionals refer to the persons who are engaged in medical and health work in different sectors of the national economy, including director doctors and their deputies, doctors in charge, doctors, paramedics, nurses and technical personnel without professional titles.

Scientific Research Personnel refers to those personnel engaged in scientific and technical activities in different sectors of the national economy, including research fellows and their deputies, assistant research fellows, research trainees, technicians and technical personnel without professional titles.

Teaching Personnel refers to the professionals engaged in the teaching of natural science and technology in different sectors of the national economy, including professors, associate professors, lecturers, teaching assistants, teachers and teaching personnel in science and technology in middle schools.

Inventions refer to the inventions as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the new technical proposals to the products or methods or their modifications.

Utility Models refer to the utility models as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the practical and new technical proposals on the shape and structure of the product or the combination of both.

Designs refer to the designs as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry applicable new designs for the shape, pattern and color of the product, or their combinations.