Explanatory
Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Administrative Division refers to the division of administrative
areas by the state. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
stipulates that the administrative areas in China are divided as:1) The whole
Country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are
divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into counties, autonomous counties and
cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships,
nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided
into districts and counties, 6) The state shall, when necessary, establish
special administrative regions.
Average Annual
Growth Rate Two methods for calculating average
annual growth rate are applied in China,one is often called level approachor
the method of calculating geometric average,which is derived by comparing the
level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year;the
other is calledaccumulative approach or algebraic average or equation
method,which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in
the interval divided by the figure in the base year.Usually the results
calculated by the two methods are fairly close, but they differed sharply when
uneven economic development occurred with striking fluctuations in growth.
The average annual growth rates listed in
this statistical yearbook are calculated by level approach except for the
growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The base years are not listed when
the years are listed for average annual growth rates. For instance,the average annual growth rate of 43 years since 1949 is
listed as average annual growth rate of 1950-1992 without listing the base year
1949.And the analogy of this is also the same for the rest of the years.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002)
is introduced starting from the compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The new
revision was based on the 1994 classification and organized by the National
Bureau of Statistics taking into consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial Classification of All
Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations, and the new
Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised version of
the Industrial Classification of the
National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95
divisions, 396 major groups and 913 groups, including 4 new major divisions, 3
new divisions, 28 major groups and 67 groups.
Registration Status
of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories,
namely domestic-funded enterprises, enterprises with investment from Hong Kong,
Macau and
State-owned Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units
where the entire assets are owned by the state and which have registered in
accordance with the Regulation of the
Peoples Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.
Excluded from this category are sole state-funded corporations in the limited
liability corporations.
Collective-owned Enterprises refer to economic units where the
assets are owned collectively and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China
on the Management of Registration of Corporate Enterprises.
Cooperative Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic
units (enterprises) where capitals come mainly from employees as their shares,
with certain proportion of capital from the outside, where production is
organized on the basis of independent operation, independent accounting for
profits and losses, joint work, democratic management, and a distribution system
that integrates remuneration according to work with dividend according to
capital share.
Joint Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by
two or more corporate enterprises or corporate institutions of the same or
different ownership, through joint investment on the basis of equality,
voluntary participation and mutual benefits. They include state joint ownership
enterprises, collective joint ownership enterprises, joint state-collective
enterprises, other joint ownership enterprises.
Limited Liability Corporations refer to economic units established
with investment from 2-50 investors and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China
on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing
limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and
the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total
assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive state-funded limited
liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to
economic units registered in accordance with the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with
total registered capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing
stocks. Each investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on
the holding of shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the
maximum of its total assets.
Private Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units
invested and established by natural persons, or controlled by natural persons
using employed labour. Included in this category are private limited liability
corporations, private share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership
enterprises and private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law, Partnership Enterprises Law
and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domestic-funded economic units
other than those mentioned above.
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to enterprises jointly
established by investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in
the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign Joint Venture
Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the share of investment, profits
and risks is stipulated in the contract.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan established by investors from Hong Kong,
Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with
the Law of the Peoples Republic of China
on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is
stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with
Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to share-holding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the Ministry of Foreign
Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where
the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperation
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of China in accordance with the Law
of the Peoples Republic of China on Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and
other relevant laws,where the investment or provision of facilities, and the
share of profits and risks is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises with
Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established in the
mainland of
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer
to share-holding corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the
Ministry of Foreign Trades and Economic Relations in line with relevant state
regulations, where the share of investment from foreign investors exceeds 25%
of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the share of
foreign investment is less than 25% of the total registered capital, the
enterprise is to be classified as domestic-funded share-holding corporation
Ltd.
Government Agencies,
Institutions and Social Organizations are classified into following
categories by source of funds and way of management taking reference of the
registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government Agencies: include state and
party agencies, classified in principle as “state-owned”. There are exceptions,
such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as “collective”.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing
departments of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(a) Institutions whose main budget is listed
in the government budget appropriations or extra-budget funds, or allocated
from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are
classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Institutions whose budget mainly comes
from collective units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Institutions other than those mentioned
above whose source of budget is not clear. Such
institutions are classified by way of management.
(3) Social Organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as Trades unions, women’s federations etc.. Social
organizations are further classified as follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not covered
by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs
such as Trades unions, women’s federations, communist youth leagues, youth
associations, industrial and commerce associations, scientists associations,
overseas Chinese associations, etc., foundations and fund management
organizations established with funds from the state, and social organizations
whose funds mainly come from the budget of their competent government agencies.
Such institutions are classified as “state-owned”.
(b) Social organizations whose budget mainly
comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as “collective”.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as “private”.
(d) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear.
Such organizations are classified by manner of management.